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How durable is the outer shell of the substation

source：lgbayir.cn  |  Release time：2024年12月03日
The durability of substation enclosures is influenced by various factors, mainly including the following aspects:
1、 Material characteristics
1. Metal materials
      Steel structure shell: If the substation shell is made of steel structure, it has high strength and rigidity. Steel itself can withstand significant external forces, such as wind force, snow weight, etc. Generally speaking, the shell made of excellent carbon structural steel or low-alloy high-strength steel can achieve a yield strength of 235MPa -345MPa or above, which can effectively resist external impact and pressure. For example, in coastal areas, facing the invasion of strong typhoons, as long as the steel structure shell is designed reasonably, it can stably protect the internal electrical equipment.
      Corrosion resistance: However, metal materials are susceptible to corrosion. In order to improve its durability, steel structure shells are usually treated with anti-corrosion measures. Common methods include hot-dip galvanizing, with a galvanized layer thickness generally between 65 μ m and 100 μ m, which can prevent the steel from coming into contact with oxygen, moisture, and chemicals in the air to a certain extent and slow down the corrosion rate. In addition, anti-corrosion coatings can be used for further protection, with a service life of about 10-15 years, depending on the severity of the environment.
2. Composite materials
     Fiberglass shell: Taking fiberglass (fiber-reinforced plastic) as an example, it has good corrosion resistance and can resist the erosion of chemical substances such as acid, alkali, salt, etc. In areas with strong corrosive environments such as chemical parks, substations with fiberglass casings can maintain their performance well. The strength of fiberglass is also relatively high, with a tensile strength of around 200MPa to 300MPa, which can withstand certain mechanical stresses.
     Anti aging performance: at the same time, FRP has good anti-aging performance. The internal fiber-reinforced material combined with resin matrix can resist UV radiation and the aging effects of natural environment. In general, the service life of fiberglass shell can reach 20-30 years, and its appearance and performance can remain relatively stable throughout the entire use process.
2、 Environmental factors
1. Climate conditions
     Temperature changes: In cold regions, the substation casing needs to be able to withstand low temperature environments. For example, in extremely cold weather, metal shells may experience stress concentration due to thermal expansion and contraction, and if the material lacks toughness, cracks may occur. And some excellent composite material shells, due to their lower coefficient of thermal expansion, can better adapt to temperature changes. In hot areas, the shell material should be able to withstand high temperatures to avoid a decrease in material performance due to excessive temperature.
     Humidity and precipitation: High humidity environments or frequent rainfall and snowfall can pose challenges to the durability of the casing. For metal shells, humidity can accelerate the corrosion process; For some materials with strong water absorption, excessive water absorption may cause the material to expand and deform, thereby affecting its structural integrity. However, shell materials with good waterproof performance, such as waterproof treated wood or well sealed composite materials, can effectively resist these effects.
2. Geographic environment
     Coastal areas: In coastal areas, the outer shell of substations faces the threat of salt spray corrosion. Chloride ions in salt spray can corrode metal materials, causing them to rust and corrode. The use of corrosion-resistant materials or effective anti-corrosion treatments, such as using weather resistant steel and anti-corrosion coatings, can enhance the durability of the casing in such environments.
     Mountainous or industrial pollution areas: In mountainous areas, they may be affected by factors such as sandstorms and rockfall; In industrial pollution areas, pollutants in the air (such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, etc.) can combine with moisture to form acid rain, causing corrosion to the shell materials. Therefore, the enclosures of substations in these areas need to have stronger resistance to erosion and mechanical damage.
3、 Design and Manufacturing Process
1. Structural design
     Reasonable structural design can enhance the durability of the substation casing. For example, the frame structure of the shell should have sufficient support to evenly distribute external loads. Consider factors such as wind load coefficient and snow load coefficient in the design to ensure the stability of the shell under different meteorological conditions. At the same time, reliable connection methods should be used for the connection parts of the shell, such as steel structure connections with good welding quality or high-strength bolt connections, to prevent problems such as loosening and deformation of the connection parts.
2. Manufacturing process
     The quality of manufacturing process directly affects the durability of the shell. For metal shells, proper cutting, forming, and welding processes can ensure the dimensional accuracy and structural strength of the shell. In the manufacturing process of composite material shells, factors such as the direction of fiber laying and the quality of resin infusion can affect the performance of the material. For example, evenly laying fibers can give the material better mechanical properties in all directions, while fully pouring resin can avoid internal defects such as voids and delamination, thereby improving the durability of the shell.

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